Acrylic acid is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, featuring a molecular structure composed of a vinyl group and a carboxyl group. In its pure form, it is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. It has a density of 1.0511, a melting point of 14°C, and a boiling point of 140.9°C. Acrylic acid is highly acidic and corrosive, and it is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether.

Acrylic acid exhibits high chemical reactivity and readily undergoes polymerization to form a transparent white powder. Upon reduction, it produces propionic acid. Its reaction with hydrochloric acid yields 2-chloropropionic acid, which is used in the production of acrylic resins and other organic synthesis processes.

Acrylic acid can be produced through the oxidation of acrolein or the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. Other production methods include synthesis from acetylene, carbon monoxide, and water, as well as the pressurized oxidation of ethylene and carbon monoxide.

Acrylic acid and its derivatives are widely used in numerous industries, including coatings, plastics, textiles, leather, papermaking, building materials, and packaging materials. Acrylic acid and its esters serve as raw materials for organic synthesis and polymer production, with the majority being used in polymer synthesis. They are frequently copolymerized with other monomers, such as vinyl acetate, styrene, and methyl methacrylate, to manufacture synthetic resins with diverse properties, functional polymer materials, and various additives.

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Acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and ammonium polyacrylate are among the raw materials used to produce warp yarn sizing agents. These agents offer better desizing performance than polyvinyl alcohol-based sizing agents and help reduce the consumption of starch and other materials.